Hello!
Nice that you're back. Look, we're doing lesson 64 today.
We talk about prepositions. We'll talk about that in lesson 64
and then again in lesson 65.
Today we begin with it. First of all, we have to consider: What is a preposition? We have a sentence up here. I'll read it to you.
There it is: ------. Do you have any idea? Which of these two words this sentence are prepositions?
Guess what! If you guessed right, then you said: "Mit" and "durch".
These are the two prepositions in this sentence. We look at more such sentences with prepositions.
You can see them here. I'll read you the first one:
------. There you see a word, that's underlined.
That is "zu". That's the preposition. And you look in the other sentences,
always the preposition is underlined: "zu", "aus", "durch", "um".
These are always such little words, these are the prepositions. And you see:
I marked something yellow in the sentences.
Do you know what those words are that I marked yellow? Exactly: these are the articles.
And the articles clearly show what case we have. We can see from the articles whether we have Akkusativ or Dativ here.
You can already do that, right? The first sentence: ------. "Das Haus".
When we say, "dem Haus",
Then is it Akkusativ or Dativ? Do you still remember? That is Dativ then. Exactly.
And if we look at the second sentence: ------. We have "dem" again, which is dative.
Then let's look at the other two sentences.
There it is: ------. These two sentences are Akkusativ: "das Haus".
Both in the Akkusativ. What we have to remember here, I wrote that down here.
It says: The preposition determines the case. That means: If there is a preposition in a sentence, then the preposition says,
whether we need Dativ or Akkusativ here. That's why we have to remember:
Which prepositions want to have the Akkusativ
and which prepositions want to have the Dativ. So we have to get to know the prepositions
and when we read it again we need to know:
Dativ or Akkusativ? We practice that today. Here you see the prepositions that want to have the Dativ.
I will read you the prepositions once and you can say it to me. I'm starting: ------.
These are the prepositions that want to have the Dativ. And now we have to somehow manage to keep these prepositions in our heads and not to forget. How shall we do it? I have a suggestion. You see some notes up here. Do you see her? Music. And you can also hear the music, right?
Do you know this piece?
Have you ever heard that? That's the Viennese waltz. You can dance to it.
Beautiful right? And we can use this tune, to remember the prepositions. How does that work? It's very easy: We sing the prepositions to this beautiful tune invented by Strauss. I'll show you once. It works like this: ------. That's the melody. And to that we sing: ------. I do it very slowly once.
Can you try it? Come on, let's sing it together.
And again. Now try it alone. Very nice. You can practice this at home a few more times. And then, if you can sing that fast, you will never forget it again. I promise to you. Now we have looked at the prepositions with the Dativ.
They want to have Dativ. Now we need the prepositions who want to have the Akkusativ. Which are they? You see them here. These are the prepositions. I read it to you: ------.
And with these prepositions, it's nice that we can remember them with a song again. Do you have any idea what song, when you look at this birthday cake here? Yes, exactly we'll sing: "Happy birthday". It works like this: ------.
And so on. We sing together. Try it with together with me.
And we can continue singing: ------.
And I even have a reason to sing the birthday song today, because it's my brother's birthday. So sing this song a few times and you will be able to remember the prepositions quite well. We practice the prepositions with the Dativ again. Can you remember? ------
Tell them to me. "aus", "außer", "bei", "mit", "nach", "seit", "von", "zu". And then we practice again with the Akkusativ. You remember: ------. So: "durch", "für", "gegen", "ohne", "um". That's fun, right? Now I will remind you of something, which you already know. We'll take another look. You know: we have definite and we have indefinite articles. And when the case changes, so if we have Akkusativ or Dativ, then the article looks a bit different. Here we have this: First the articles in the Dativ and then in the Akkusativ. We read it through together once. Dativ Masculine: "dem", "einem". Feminine: "der", "einer". Neutral: "dem", "einem". And plural: "den". Then we get Akkusativ, masculine: "den", "einen". Feminine: "die", "eine". Neutral: "das", "ein". And plural: "die". Very nice. Now we have remembered it again: How was that with the article? And now we can practice a few sentences together. You know now: We have to decide first: Is this sentence in the Akkusativ or the Dativ? And then we can choose the right article for the preposition. So: ------. "mit" needs what? Dativ or Akkusativ?
Yes, Dativ. "mit" + Dativ. " Hund" is masculine. "der Hund" Exactly. Then we say, "Tobi geht mit dem Hund spazieren." It goes on: ------.
Do you remember? Akkusativ. Exactly. "Das ist gut für den Hund." It goes on. "Außer..." "... Schlüsseln..." Keys are multiple (plural). "... nimmt er nichts mit." "Außer..." That's easy, right? "Außer" was a Dativ. So: "außer Schlüsseln (Plural)" "Außer den Schlüsseln". It goes on. "Sie gehen aus... Haus." "Aus". Do you still remember? Exactly. We need Dativ again. "Sie gehen aus dem Haus." Very nice. It goes on. "Zuerst gehen sie zu..." Which is it? Akkusativ or Dativ? Dativ. "Park" is? "Der Park". "... zu dem Park." "Sie gehen durch..." "Durch"? Akkusativ. "... durch den Park." Continue. "Blume" is feminine: the flower. "Bei" needs? What does "bei" need? Akkusativ or Dativ? Exactly, Dativ: "bei der Blume". "Der Hund geht um..." Akkusativ or Dativ? Exactly: Akkusativ. "... um die Blume." Very nice. Go on. "Tobi lehnt sich..." "lehnen" means to lean against something, to support yourself a bit like so.
"Gegen"? Akkusativ? Exactly. "Baum" is masculine: the tree "...gegen den Baum."
"Von"? Akkusativ or Dativ? Exactly: Dativ. "... von der Blume weg."
OK? "Tobi steht..." "Ohne" needs? Akkusativ: "... ohne den Hund..." "Bei"? Dativ: "bei der Blume". (<- ERROR: "bei den Bäumen") Very nice. Continue: ------.
Dativ: "dem Hund". Very nice.
"Stunde" is feminine: "die Stunde". And here we take the indefinite article. We do not say "seit der Stunde", but "seit einer Stunde" ------. "Dann gehen sie aus..." Dativ? Exactly: "... aus dem Park". "Sie gehen zu..."? Exactly: Dativ. "... (zu) dem Haus von Tobi." And ------.
"Nach" needs? Dativ: "Nach dem Spaziergang". "Der Spaziergang" : masculine. You have done a great job. And you still remember the songs, right?
You remember that well, right? I wish you a lot of fun singing and memorizing prepositions. Bye!
These are the prepositions that want to have the Dativ. And now we have to somehow manage to keep these prepositions in our heads and not to forget. How shall we do it? I have a suggestion. You see some notes up here. Do you see her? Music. And you can also hear the music, right?
Do you know this piece?
Have you ever heard that? That's the Viennese waltz. You can dance to it.
Beautiful right? And we can use this tune, to remember the prepositions. How does that work? It's very easy: We sing the prepositions to this beautiful tune invented by Strauss. I'll show you once. It works like this: ------. That's the melody. And to that we sing: ------. I do it very slowly once.
Can you try it? Come on, let's sing it together.
And again. Now try it alone. Very nice. You can practice this at home a few more times. And then, if you can sing that fast, you will never forget it again. I promise to you. Now we have looked at the prepositions with the Dativ.
They want to have Dativ. Now we need the prepositions who want to have the Akkusativ. Which are they? You see them here. These are the prepositions. I read it to you: ------.
And with these prepositions, it's nice that we can remember them with a song again. Do you have any idea what song, when you look at this birthday cake here? Yes, exactly we'll sing: "Happy birthday". It works like this: ------.
And so on. We sing together. Try it with together with me.
And we can continue singing: ------.
And I even have a reason to sing the birthday song today, because it's my brother's birthday. So sing this song a few times and you will be able to remember the prepositions quite well. We practice the prepositions with the Dativ again. Can you remember? ------
Tell them to me. "aus", "außer", "bei", "mit", "nach", "seit", "von", "zu". And then we practice again with the Akkusativ. You remember: ------. So: "durch", "für", "gegen", "ohne", "um". That's fun, right? Now I will remind you of something, which you already know. We'll take another look. You know: we have definite and we have indefinite articles. And when the case changes, so if we have Akkusativ or Dativ, then the article looks a bit different. Here we have this: First the articles in the Dativ and then in the Akkusativ. We read it through together once. Dativ Masculine: "dem", "einem". Feminine: "der", "einer". Neutral: "dem", "einem". And plural: "den". Then we get Akkusativ, masculine: "den", "einen". Feminine: "die", "eine". Neutral: "das", "ein". And plural: "die". Very nice. Now we have remembered it again: How was that with the article? And now we can practice a few sentences together. You know now: We have to decide first: Is this sentence in the Akkusativ or the Dativ? And then we can choose the right article for the preposition. So: ------. "mit" needs what? Dativ or Akkusativ?
Yes, Dativ. "mit" + Dativ. " Hund" is masculine. "der Hund" Exactly. Then we say, "Tobi geht mit dem Hund spazieren." It goes on: ------.
Do you remember? Akkusativ. Exactly. "Das ist gut für den Hund." It goes on. "Außer..." "... Schlüsseln..." Keys are multiple (plural). "... nimmt er nichts mit." "Außer..." That's easy, right? "Außer" was a Dativ. So: "außer Schlüsseln (Plural)" "Außer den Schlüsseln". It goes on. "Sie gehen aus... Haus." "Aus". Do you still remember? Exactly. We need Dativ again. "Sie gehen aus dem Haus." Very nice. It goes on. "Zuerst gehen sie zu..." Which is it? Akkusativ or Dativ? Dativ. "Park" is? "Der Park". "... zu dem Park." "Sie gehen durch..." "Durch"? Akkusativ. "... durch den Park." Continue. "Blume" is feminine: the flower. "Bei" needs? What does "bei" need? Akkusativ or Dativ? Exactly, Dativ: "bei der Blume". "Der Hund geht um..." Akkusativ or Dativ? Exactly: Akkusativ. "... um die Blume." Very nice. Go on. "Tobi lehnt sich..." "lehnen" means to lean against something, to support yourself a bit like so.
"Gegen"? Akkusativ? Exactly. "Baum" is masculine: the tree "...gegen den Baum."
"Von"? Akkusativ or Dativ? Exactly: Dativ. "... von der Blume weg."
OK? "Tobi steht..." "Ohne" needs? Akkusativ: "... ohne den Hund..." "Bei"? Dativ: "bei der Blume". (<- ERROR: "bei den Bäumen") Very nice. Continue: ------.
Dativ: "dem Hund". Very nice.
"Stunde" is feminine: "die Stunde". And here we take the indefinite article. We do not say "seit der Stunde", but "seit einer Stunde" ------. "Dann gehen sie aus..." Dativ? Exactly: "... aus dem Park". "Sie gehen zu..."? Exactly: Dativ. "... (zu) dem Haus von Tobi." And ------.
"Nach" needs? Dativ: "Nach dem Spaziergang". "Der Spaziergang" : masculine. You have done a great job. And you still remember the songs, right?
You remember that well, right? I wish you a lot of fun singing and memorizing prepositions. Bye!
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